January 25: Abuse

Photo by Annie Spratt on Unsplash

• Abuse takes various forms and can happen in different relationships.
• It’s crucial to recognize warning signs early to protect oneself or others.
• Abuse can significantly impact one’s mental health, leading to anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Survivors of abuse often struggle with self-esteem and may isolate themselves.
• This can be an upsetting or even triggering topic. If anyone wants to not attend class today for any reason, feel free to excuse yourself either now or whenever you want throughout the lesson. We won’t assume anything.
• It’s important to put your wellbeing first. Listen to your own needs and give yourself the compassion you deserve.
• If you can manage it though, this information can be helpful to help others who may come to you for support, or who you suspect may be abused based on the signs that we will discuss later.

Different Types of Abuse

• Physical abuse involves intentional harm, like hitting or pushing. Emotional abuse includes manipulation, insults, or controlling behavior that affects one’s self-worth. Sexual abuse involves unwanted sexual actions without consent.
• Let’s talk about consent! This video is commonly used to explain the core concepts, and the following video adds more nuance/detail to it!

• In all kinds of relationships, including romantic but also relationships with friends, family, and work/volunteer colleagues, verbal abuse uses words to hurt, criticize, or control.
• Financial abuse includes controlling money or preventing access, making someone financially dependent. An example is a married couple with one bank account and one partner makes all the household financial decisions and withdraws large sums of money without the other partner’s knowledge.
• Neglect, often in caregiving relationships, is the failure to provide necessary care, leading to harm.

Abuse towards Disabled People

• Abuse towards disabled and non-speaking individuals is an upsetting reality that rarely receives the attention it deserves. The inability to give consent verbally does not diminish anyone’s right to safety and respect.
• It’s crucial to establish how people say “yes” and “no” in order to respect their consent throughout the interaction. It’s also essential to observe non-verbal cues and pay attention to shifts in mood or behavior.

• Signs may manifest through unexplained injuries, sudden behavioral changes, or indications of fear.

• Communities, caregivers, and institutions must work collaboratively to ensure that disabled and non-speaking individuals are treated with dignity, have access to communication tools, and are protected from all forms of abuse.

• Empowering individuals with disabilities, fostering a culture of understanding, and promoting inclusivity are key steps in preventing abuse and creating a safer and more compassionate society.

Signs of Abuse

• Signs of abuse might not always be obvious. Recognizing abuse is vital for intervention.
• If someone shows signs or discloses abuse, it’s essential to listen without judgment, offer support, and encourage professional help.

• Reporting abuse to authorities may be necessary to ensure safety. There are resources to do this at the end of the lesson.
• Let’s learn more about signs of abuse from a licensed therapist. There is a lot of misinformation about abuse, so it’s important to get mental health information from people who are thoroughly trained on it.

• In physical abuse, unexplained injuries or frequent accidents may signal a problem.
• Verbal abuse manifests in insults, humiliation, or threats, causing emotional distress.
• Emotional abuse signs include constant criticism, isolation, or drastic behavior changes.

• Sexual abuse signs can be physical injuries, fear of intimacy, or unexplained sexual behaviors.

• Financial abuse signs include limited access to money, excessive control, or financial dependence.
• Neglect signs involve poor hygiene, malnutrition, or unattended health issues.

• In intimate relationships, controlling behavior, isolating someone from friends or family, and constant jealousy may indicate abuse.
• In workplaces, abuse can take the form of bullying, humiliation, or exploitation.

• Children may experience abuse through physical punishment, emotional neglect, or sexual exploitation. Signs can include fear of a specific person, sudden behavior changes, or unexplained injuries.

• Understanding the various forms of abuse and their warning signs is key to creating a safer environment for everyone.
• By promoting awareness and providing support, communities can contribute to breaking the cycle of abuse and fostering healthier relationships.

• Prevention also involves promoting healthy relationships, teaching consent, and fostering open communication.
• There should be education on recognizing abuse and seeking help in communities, schools, and workplaces. Unfortunately, this is not always common due to people feeling uncomfortable with discussing the topic.

Recovering from Abuse is Possible!

• Recovering from abuse is a courageous journey, and every step you take toward healing is a testament to your strength and resilience.
• Remember, you are not defined by the pain you’ve experienced. In choosing to heal, you are reclaiming your power and rewriting your story.

• Your healing is a process, unique to you, and there’s no timeline to meet or expectations to fulfill. Embrace each moment of progress, no matter how small, as a victory.

• You are not alone in this journey. Reach out to those who support you—friends, family, or professionals who understand and respect your path. You deserve a life free from fear and filled with love.
• Your voice is powerful, and your story matters. Share it when you’re ready with people who you trust, and know that you’re contributing to breaking the silence around abuse.

• In the process of healing, rediscover the things that bring you joy and a sense of purpose. Celebrate your victories, both big and small. You have the strength within you to create a life that reflects your true self.

• Above all, be patient with yourself. Healing is not linear, and setbacks are a part of the journey. You are worth the effort it takes to rebuild and thrive.
• You may feel like a victim now, but with proper professional support, you can see yourself as a survivor, and with time and work, you can go from surviving to thriving.
• You can evolve into a version of yourself that deserves all the love, happiness, and peace the world has to offer.
• Here is how you can be there for someone who has disclosed to you that they’re being abused:

How To Report Suspected Abuse

If you suspect abuse or are in need of support in Ontario or Toronto, there are various helplines and resources available:

For Immediate Assistance:

1. Emergency Services: In case of immediate danger, dial 911.
2. Assaulted Women’s Helpline (AWHL):
   • Toll-Free: 1-866-863-0511
   • TTY: 1-866-863-7868
3. Ontario Network of Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence Treatment Centres:
   • To find the nearest center: Ontario Network of Sexual Assault/Domestic Violence Treatment Centres

General Support and Reporting Abuse:

4. Distress Centres of Greater Toronto:
   • Phone: 416-408-4357 (408-HELP)
   • Text: 45645
5. Kids Help Phone:
   • Phone: 1-800-668-6868
   • Text CONNECT to 686868
6. Senior Safety Line (Elder Abuse Ontario):
   • Phone: 1-866-299-1011
7. Toronto Police Service:
   • Non-Emergency: 416-808-2222

Child Abuse Reporting:

8. Children’s Aid Society of Toronto (CAST):
   • Phone: 416-924-4646

Online Reporting:

9. Canadian Centre for Child Protection. Learn more and report at Cybertip.ca.
10. Ontario Ministry of Children, Community and Social Services – Report Suspected Child Abuse.

• If you believe someone is in immediate danger, it’s crucial to contact 911.
• Also, these links and helplines can provide guidance and support for various forms of abuse, including domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse, and elder abuse.
• Unfortunately, many of these services only have phone numbers.
• Some phone services offer relay services for individuals who are Deaf, hard of hearing, or non-speaking. These services involve a relay operator who assists in converting text messages to voice and vice versa.
• You can use your assistive communication devices to type what you want to say, or you can contact Jessica to request communication facilitation services.

This can be an upsetting topic, so please do something kind for yourself after the lesson to feel better.

Jan 23: Machines We Use Everyday Part Two

AMI TV

• This is a Canadian, English-language, digital cable specialty channel which is owned by the nonprofit organization called Accessible Media.
• AMI TV broadcasts a selection of general entertainment programming with accommodations for those who are visually or hearing-impaired with audio descriptions on the primary audio track and closed captioning available across all programming.
• It was launched on January 29, 2009. AMI TV broadcasts original series on accessibility and disability -related topics.
• AMI TV carries a general entertainment lineup of programming that includes sitcoms, television dramas, films, talk shows and documentaries.
• The majority of programming on AMI TV are Canadian productions supplied in conjunction with other Canadian broadcasters such as the CBC At Bell media.
• AMI TV also produces and airs original programming that primarily deals with accessibility and disability related topics.
• Some examples have included its 2011 documentary called A Whole New Light which focused on Canada’s contribution to the research of vision loss, Milestones of Champions: The Journeys of Canada’s Paralympians. It focused on the stories of notable Canadian athletes in the Paralympic games.
• Also, the show called Four Senses a cooking show, and Employable Me.
• All of these programs used audio descriptions that were integrated into the programs’ main dialogue and narration.
• Even the Blue Jays were broadcasted on AMI.

Satellite-TV

• When satellite television first came on the market in the early 1990s, home dishes were expensive metal units that took up a lot of your yard space.
• Only the most diehard TV fans would go through this hassle and expense of putting in their own satellite dish.
• Satellite-TV was a lot harder to get than broadcast and cable TV.
• Today they are very popular and are on the lot of the rooftops all over the United States.
• If you drive through areas in the states where there is no cable you will probably find satellite dishes on just about every house.
• The major satellite-TV companies are bringing more customers in every day because of the movies, sports events, and news from around the world. They also promise excellent movie quality pictures and sound.

Tablets

• In 1968 Alan Kay a computer scientist believed you could develop an all-in-one computing device if you had advances in flat panel display technology, user interfaces, miniature computer components and some experimental work in Wi-Fi technology.
• He developed this idea even further by suggesting that such a device would be perfect as an educational tool for children.
• He predicted that with the right touchscreen technology you may not even need the physical keyboard and display.
• You could use a virtual keyboard in any configuration on the screen itself.
• He was ahead of his time just four decades later a tablet similar to the one he imagined came to be.
• So, what is a tablet exactly? It is a tablet computer. It’s a mobile computing device that is bigger than a smart phone or personal digital assistant.
• There is not a cut off size for tablet devices. The iPad has the screen size of just under 10 inches, but other tablets can be larger or smaller.
• If the computing device is using an on-screen surface and doesn’t include a phone it’s a tablet.
• To make it more confusing, some manufacturers produce something called hybrid devices that are part tablet part laptop computer.
• This device may come with an attached keyboard and the screen turns or pulls down to cover the keyboard changing it into a tablet.
• They all have touchscreen interfaces and an operating system that is capable of running small programs.
• The actual brain of the tablet is in its micro-process. Tablets use smaller processes than computers. This helps save on space and cuts down on the amount of heat used. Remember heat is bad for computers. Too much heat will cause the computer inside to shut down.
• Tablets use a rechargeable battery. The battery can last between 8 to 10 hours.
• Tablets don’t run At full speed like computers do. This is because programs for tablets tend to be less difficult and are easier to run on tablets.

The Apple IPad

• The idea of an iPad has been around for many years.
• In 1964 a company called the Rand Corporation produced the first iPad known as the Rand tablet.
• This iPad or computer device cost $18,000 and had two main components: a screen and a drawing surface.
• The user would hold an electronic stylus or pen and draw on the surface.
• Later on, using a keyboard and mouse combo became the standard components people would use for these minicomputers.
• On January 27, 2010, the iPad was released.
• The iPad was just like an iPhone or iPod touch. It’s much larger than those two devices but smaller than a notebook computer.
• Between the debut of the iPad in early 2000 and the release of the fourth iPad related revision in late 2012 Apple sold more than 1 million tablets.
• They cost $500 or more and even with this expensive price the iPad was a tremendous success.
• Since then, Apple has modified and improved the iPad to have faster internal parts and I have of the resolution screen to keep it ahead of the competition.

IPad Software and Apps

• If you already are familiar and use an iPhone or an iPod touch chances are you can pick up an iPad and use it right away.
• This is because an iPad is very similar to those devices.
• If you put your iPad on landscape mode the iPad’s virtual keyboard is almost the same size as keyboards that are found in iMac.
• Apple includes some basic applications on the iPad.
• Some of them are web browser Safari, its magazine and book apps called newsstand, its music store iTunes, mail, photos, clock, calendar, notes, contacts, messages, camera, and games. However, there are a lot more apps available in the App Store.
• There are more than 650,000 apps listed in the App Store and more than 225,000 of them are designed specifically for the iPad.

Starlink Satellite Internet

• Starlink operates on a satellite internet service technology that has existed for decades. Instead of using cable technology, such as fiber optics to transmit internet data, a satellite system uses radio signals through the vacuum of space. Ground stations broadcast signals to satellites in orbits, which in turn relay the data back to the Starlink users on Earth.

Electronic Typewriter

• Most electric typewriters do away with the system of levers and typehammers.
• In some models, the type is mounted on the surface of a rotating wheel called a golfball. Other models use a daisywheel, which looks like a small flower, with the type radiating out from the end like petals.
• The keys on the keyboard are effectively electrical switches that make the golfball or daisywheel rotate to the right position and then press the ribbon against the page.
• Because the type is hammered under electrical control, every letter hits the page with equal force—so a big advantage of electric typewriters is their much sharper, neater and more even print quality.
• When you are using an electric typewriter the paper and the carriage stay still while the golfball or daisywheel gradually moved to the right while you are typing.
• When you reach the end of the line you press the carriage return key.
• The golfball or daisywheel goes back to the extreme left position and the paper moves up a line.
• When you make a mistake using an electronic typewriter the AutoCorrect feature comes in very handy.
• This means that it’s a second ribbon made of plastic with white ink imprinted into it.
• If you hit the AutoCorrect button on an advanced electronic typewriter the print mechanism moves back one space and automatically takes the last key you printed using the white ribbon.
• So, if you thanked each by mistake and hit the AutoCorrect the machine would go back and type the letter you mean.

January 18: World Religions

• Understanding world religions is crucial for respecting diversity.
• World religions include different beliefs and practices that have shaped cultures throughout history.
• Major religions like Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, and Sikhism have influenced societies globally.
• Learning about world religions helps us appreciate people’s beliefs without imposing our own.
• It teaches us to respect others’ traditions and fosters understanding.

• This is important in today’s connected world where we often interact with people from diverse backgrounds.
• Knowing about world religions encourages dialogue and cooperation, breaking down misunderstandings. It helps us find shared values, creating unity in our differences. In schools, learning about world religions helps students understand a diverse world.

These religions/belief systems are presented in the order that they came to exist in the world. So the oldest religions are first and the newer religions are last.

Let’s watch this video to see the timeline of the 5 major world religions as well as where in the world these religions are mostly practiced.

Hinduism:

• Hinduism is a diverse religion without a single founder.

• It encompasses a variety of beliefs and practices.

• Hindus believe in karma (the consequences of one’s actions) and reincarnation (the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth).

• They worship many gods and goddesses, with the Vedas as their ancient scriptures.

• Hindus engage in rituals and ceremonies, and many celebrate festivals like Diwali and Holi.

• They believe in karma and dharma, which guide moral and ethical living.

Judaism:

• Judaism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions.

• Jews follow the teachings of the Torah, which includes the Ten Commandments.

• They believe in one God (monotheism) and the covenant between God and the people of Israel.

• Shabbat (Sabbath) is a special day of rest and worship for Jews.

• Jews observe the Sabbath by refraining from work, attending synagogue, and sharing festive meals.

• Passover and Hanukkah are among the important festivals that hold historical and spiritual significance.

Buddhism:

• Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, in the 6th century BCE.

• Buddhists follow the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, seeking enlightenment and liberation from suffering.

• They believe in reincarnation and the impermanence of all things.

• Buddhists often meditate to achieve mindfulness and insight.

• Temples and stupas are places of worship, and festivals like Vesak commemorate significant events in the Buddha’s life.

Sikhism:

• Sikhism was founded by Guru Nanak in the 15th century.

• Sikhs believe in one God and follow the teachings of the Guru Granth Sahib.

• They emphasize equality, service to others, and living an honest life.

• The concept of oneness and devotion to God is central in Sikhism.

• Sikhs gather in gurdwaras for congregational worship and community service.

• They follow the principles of honesty, humility, and selfless service to attain spiritual growth.

Christianity:

• Christianity is a religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

• Christians believe in one God (monotheism) and the Bible as their holy book.

• They follow the Ten Commandments and believe in the idea that Jesus sacrificed himself for humanity’s sins so that anyone who believes in Jesus can be forgiven for their sins and enter heaven.

• Christians gather for worship in churches and celebrate sacraments like baptism and communion.

• Different denominations of Christianity, such as Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy, have variations in their beliefs and practices.

Islam:

• Islam is a religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century.

• Muslims follow the teachings of the Quran, their holy book.

• They believe in one God, Allah, and follow the Five Pillars of Islam, which include prayers, fasting, charity, faith, and pilgrimage

• Muslims pray five times a day, facing the holy city of Mecca.

• Ramadan is a special month when they fast from sunrise to sunset, practicing self-discipline and reflecting on their faith.

Atheism:

• Atheism is not a religion but a lack of belief in gods or deities.

• Atheists base their worldview on empirical evidence and reason, rejecting the existence of a higher power.

• They often emphasize the importance of critical thinking, scientific inquiry, and the pursuit of ethical values without relying on religious doctrines.

Agnosticism:

• Agnosticism is also not a religion but a philosophical stance that acknowledges the limitations of human understanding in matters of ultimate reality or existence of deities.

• Agnostics neither assert nor deny the existence of God, emphasizing the uncertainty and unknowability of such metaphysical questions.

• Agnosticism often aligns with an open-minded approach, welcoming ongoing exploration and questioning.

Wiccanism:

• Wiccanism, often referred to as Wicca, is a modern pagan religious movement that emerged in the mid-20th century.

• Wiccans follow a nature-based spirituality, honoring the cycles of the moon and the elements.

• They believe in a dual deity, a God and Goddess, representing masculine and feminine energies.

• Rituals, often conducted in a sacred circle, involve spellwork, celebrations of the seasons (Sabbats), and personal growth.

• Wicca emphasizes harmony with nature and personal responsibility, with practitioners often identifying as witches.

Paganism:

• Paganism is a broad term encompassing various polytheistic (worships multiple gods) and nature-centered spiritual traditions.

• Unlike organized religions with a single founder or scripture, paganism is diverse, spanning ancient and modern practices.

• Modern Pagans may draw inspiration from historical traditions or create eclectic, personalized paths.

• Common themes include reverence for nature, rituals tied to seasonal cycles, and a belief in multiple deities or spiritual forces.

• Paganism embraces diversity, acknowledging the sacredness of all life and the interconnectedness of the natural world.

• Contemporary pagan practices often include rituals, meditation, and a celebration of the divine in everyday life.

In conclusion, exploring world religions helps us appreciate the richness of human cultures. Respecting diverse religious traditions builds a global community that values differences and unity.

January 16: Machines and Technology We Use Every Day

The History of Electric Wheelchairs

• When we think of war there is often a lot of things that happened that would influence us in the present.
• Penicillin is an example. It enabled thousands of injured World War II service men and women to survive their wounds.
• However, many of these veterans returned to their homes and families as paraplegics and quadriplegics.
• Using conventional wheelchairs didn’t help them because they didn’t have the strength and dexterity they needed to use the wheelchair.
• A gentleman named George Klein decided to take on this challenge. In 1953 George developed the world’s first electric wheelchair. He used his training as an engineer at the Canada’s National Research Council.
• Three features made this wheelchair better than the manual chair that veterans were using. The voltage of the chairs motor made it able to climb hills and inclines.
• The power supply was strong enough for the chair to be used both indoors and outdoors and for long periods of time.
• The independent drivers for each wheel gave the chair the ability to pivot sharply and operate in close quarters.
• The control switch on this wheelchair looked like the joystick found on today’s game console. That is the reason we now call them joysticks.
• George began to work closely with the patients to adjust the electric wheelchair for their specific needs as we do today. He even modified one chair to operate with a person’s cheeks rather than have the person use their hands.
• He made it possible for many World War II veterans to live more independent and richer lives with their families.
• George’s invention of the electric wheelchair also created a field of Rehabilitation Engineering which practitioners would learn to be able to help men and women all over the world enjoy more mobile and meaningful lives.

Computers

• A computer is an electronic machine that processes information. It takes in information or data, stores it until it’s ready to work on and then it provides the information that the programmer needs.
• The information going into the computer is called input, storing the information is called memory or storage and working on the information is called processing, and the results of your information search is called the output.
• Input: Your keyboard and mouse are input units. They are ways of getting information into your computer that it can process. If you use a microphone and voice recognition software that’s another form of input.
• Memory/storage: The computer stores all your documents and files on the hard drive. Smaller computer-based devices like a digital camera or a cell phone use other kinds of storage called flash memory cards.
• Processing: Your computer’s processor is sometimes called the central processing unit. It’s a microchip buried inside your computer. It works very hard and get incredibly hot in the process. That’s why your computer has a little fan that blows to stop its brain from overheating.
• Output: Most computers have an LCD screen capable of displaying high resolution graphics. High-resolution just means very detailed. Your computer also has stereo loudspeakers and also may have an inkjet printer on your desk. When you print from your computer this is known as a permanent form of output.

What Is a Computer Program?

• The first computers were big calculating machines. All they did was crunch numbers and solve difficult mathematical problems. Today computers work on a much bigger variety of problems, but they still are generally calculations. Everything that a computer does still involves manipulating numbers in one way or another.
• I know this sounds like a calculator. But what makes a computer different than a calculator?
• You give your computer instructions; this is called the program. Then the computer performs a long and complex series of populated operations all by itself.
• In the 1970s and 1980s if you wanted a home computer to do almost anything at all you had to write your own little program to do it. An example would be before you could write a letter on your computer you had to write a program that would read the letters typed on the keyboard, store them in the memory and display them on the screen after.
• It used to take more time writing the program than doing whatever it was you had originally wanted to do.
• Soon people started selling programs like word processors to save you the need to write the program yourself.
• Today most computer users rely on prewritten programs like Microsoft Word and an Excel or downloaded apps for their tablets and smart phones.
• Something to think about though is if we all rely on computer programs and apps, there has to be someone to write them and have those skills in order for us to have our programs and apps. There has been a large increase in computer programming. This is called coding, and it is now being taught in schools.

Electric Cars

• Electric vehicles are also called battery electric vehicles (BEV’s). They have an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine.
• These cars use a large traction battery pack to power the electric motor and they must be plugged into a wall outlet or charging equipment.
• This charging equipment is called electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE).
• The cars run on electricity rather than gas so there is no exhaust fumes going into the air and this vehicle does not have any fuel pump, fuel line or fuel tank.
• Surprisingly, there is a history that goes way back about electric cars. Here is the history and the next video will tell us all about electric cars today.

Cell Phones

• Although they do the same job as land lines, cell phones work very differently. Land lines carry calls along electric cables. The words you speak travel down a direct, wired connection between two handsets.
• A cell phone is different because it can send and receive calls without wired connections of any kind. It does this by using electromagnetic radio waves to send and receive the sounds that would normally travel down wires.
• TV and radio programs, signals from radio-controlled cars, cordless phone calls and even wireless door balls all use electromagnetic energy.
• This can happen at a great amount of speed. It can travel at the speed of light which is 300,000 km or 186,000 mi./s.

Television

• Television or TV is a system for sending moving pictures and sound from one place to another. It is one of the most important and popular forms of communication today. Watching TV programs provide news, information, and entertainment to people all over the world.
• TV starts with a video camera. The camera records the pictures and sound of the TV program. It changes the pictures and sound into electric signals.
• A TV receives the signals and turns them back into pictures and sound.
• A standard TV camera changes the pictures into an electric signal called the video signal.
• This signal carries the pictures in the form of tiny dots called pixels.
• The camera’s microphone changes the sound into another electric signal called the audio signal.
• The video and audio signals come together to form the TV signal. A newer way of handling TV signals is called digital TV.
• A digital TV signals carries pictures and sound as a number code like a computer does.
• This type of signal can carry more information than a standard TV signal can, which helps to create a better picture and sound.
• Local TV stations use antennas to send or broadcast signals through the air as radio waves.
• Cable TV stations send signals through underground cables.
• Satellites or spacecraft travelling high above the earth can send singles to special antennas called satellite dishes.
• A signal can also come from a VCR, DVD player, or DVR connected to the TV set.
• A standard TV turns the video signal into beams of tiny particles called electrons. It shoots these beams at the back of the screen through the picture tube. The beams spread the pixels on the screen in a series of rows form the picture. The TV set sends the audio signal to loudspeakers which gives us the sound.
• LCD and plasma TVs do this differently. They do not use a picture tube and electronic beams because they don’t have a picture tube.
• LCD and plasma TVs are much thinner and lighter than standard TV. They can even hang on the wall.
• LCD stands for liquid crystal display. Liquid crystal is a substance that flows like a liquid but has some tiny solid parts.
• The display sends light and electronic current through the liquid crystal. The electronic current causes the solid parts to move around. They block or let light through in a certain way to make the picture on the screen.
• A plasma display TV has tiny coloured lights filled with a gas called plasma. Electric current sent through the plasma causes it to give off light which makes the picture.

AMI TV

• This is a Canadian, English-language, digital cable specialty channel which is owned by the nonprofit organization called Accessible Media.
• AMI TV broadcasts a selection of general entertainment programming with accommodations for those who are visually or hearing-impaired with audio descriptions on the primary audio track and closed captioning available across all programming.
• It was launched on January 29, 2009. AMI TV broadcasts original series on accessibility and disability -related topics.
• AMI TV carries a general entertainment lineup of programming that includes sitcoms, television dramas, films, talk shows and documentaries.
• The majority of programming on AMI TV are Canadian productions supplied in conjunction with other Canadian broadcasters such as the CBC At Bell media.
• AMI TV also produces and airs original programming that primarily deals with accessibility and disability related topics.
• Some examples have included its 2011 documentary called A Whole New Light which focused on Canada’s contribution to the research of vision loss, Milestones of Champions: The Journeys of Canada’s Paralympians. It focused on the stories of notable Canadian athletes in the Paralympic games.
• Also, the show called Four Senses a cooking show, and Employable Me.
• All of these programs used audio descriptions that were integrated into the programs’ main dialogue and narration.
• Even the Blue Jays were broadcasted on AMI.

January 11: Forrest Gump

• “Forrest Gump” is a movie about a man with the same name. The movie shows his life from childhood to adulthood. The story is narrated through Forrest’s perspective, offering a unique lens on life, love, and the human experience.

• He is portrayed as having a low IQ and is often described as “mentally slow” in the film.
• However, the movie doesn’t label him with a specific disability, and there are many times when he shows his intelligence, which surprises those around him.
• The film focuses on his remarkable achievements despite his differences.
• Even though he isn’t very traditionally smart, he is able to deeply focus on things, which leads to many adventures including teaching Elvis how to dance, inspiring “Imagine” by John Lennon, becoming a ping pong world champion, meeting multiple presidents, and more.

• Throughout his journey, Forrest remains true to his simple, honest nature, making the film a heartwarming and thought-provoking exploration of resilience and the pursuit of happiness.

Forrest & Jenny

• The heart of the film is Forrest’s enduring love for his childhood friend, Jenny, who leads a more tumultuous life.
• Forrest’s father abandoned him and his mother at a young age. He still shows having a comfortable and loving home environment with a very devoted mother.
• Meanwhile, Jenny’s mother died at a young age and her father is abusive towards her. Jenny is shown to be very smart and often under-estimated due to her gender.

• As they grew up, they continued to have different life experiences. They both went to college, but Jenny got accepted for her grades (at a time when not many women were admitted), and Forrest went on a football scholarship.
• Jenny gets involved in anti-Vietnam war protests and the counterculture movement. She also starts injecting drugs and dating men who are abusive like her father. Forrest never judges her, but is very protective of her and tries to save her.
• Meanwhile, Forrest goes to Vietnam to fight in the war. He doesn’t understand why they are fighting, but he is an excellent soldier.
• While in the army, Forrest meets his best friend, Benjamin Buford Blue, who goes by Bubba. Bubba shares his dream of owning a shrimp boat and creating a business together. Bubba’s character is known for his extensive knowledge of shrimp and his warm friendship with Forrest.

• Unfortunately, Bubba dies in Vietnam despite Forrest’s attempts to save him. Forrest returns home alive and opens the shrimp boat business, naming it after his friend: Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. He gave the money from the business to Bubba’s family.
• Jenny gets her life back on track and becomes a waitress, but her hatred for herself gets in the way of her relationship with Forrest.

• Despite all Forrest’s achievements, he is happiest when he’s with Jenny.
• Forrest starts running across the country after the war when he is grieving Bubba’s death.
• A pattern or theme of the movie is Forrest running. At first, he runs away from bullies who want to beat him up for being different. He’s able to use his speed to play college football and save many of his fellow soldiers’ lives in Vietnam.

• After Forrest’s long run, him and Jenny reunite and he learns that they have a child together, named Forrest Junior.

• Tragically, Jenny dies from a disease that she doesn’t name explicitly, but many people assume it’s HIV/AIDS due to her injection drug use and sexual partners in the 70s.
• Forrest grieves Jenny and raises Forrest Junior for the rest of his life.

• He continues to get lucky financially, but donates much of it to worthy causes.

• The film explores themes of love, destiny, and the impact of simple acts on the course of history.

Cultural impact

• “Forrest Gump” became a cultural phenomenon, loved by many for its heartwarming story and memorable moments.
• The character of Forrest, with his simplicity and honesty, touched the hearts of audiences worldwide

• “Forrest Gump” is famous for its quotes like “Life is like a box of chocolates.”
• The feather floating in the air is a memorable image.

• Another reason why the movie is so popular is because its soundtrack is filled with popular songs from the 1960s and 1970s.
• In conclusion, “Forrest Gump” is a movie about a simple man who lives an extraordinary life.

January 9: Artificial Intelligence

What Is Artificial Intelligence?

• Artificial intelligence is the ability of a digital computer or a computer-controlled robot to do tasks that are associated with human beings.
• The short form of Artificial Intelligence is AI.
• This term is usually applied to the project of developing systems that have intellectual processes that are characteristic of humans such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learned from past experiences.
• Since the development of the computer in the 1940s, we have begun to see that computers can be programmed to carry out very complex tasks such as discovering proofs for mathematical theories or playing chess with great success.
• However, although there are continuous advances in computer processing and memory capacity, there are still no programs that can fully match human flexibility over wider domains or in tasks requiring a lot of everyday knowledge.
• But some programs have got the performance levels of human experts and professionals in performing certain specific tasks so that artificial intelligence is found in applications as diverse as medical diagnosis, computer search engines, voice or handwriting recognition and chatbots.

• If you’ve ever talked to Siri and asked her to search for a film or show on Netflix or asked her the temperature outside you are actually using artificial intelligence.
• In 1955 a man named John McCarthy came up with the term. It’s a machine that can solve problems that humans perform using natural intelligence. It is used to build agents or robots that can replicate human behaviour and make decisions instead of humans.
• Let’s look at some pros and cons about using artificial intelligence.

How Can AI Be Used to Transform and Enrich the Lives of People with Disabilities?

Artificial intelligence has gone a long way towards the goal of enriching people with disabilities’ lives by enabling them to overcome barriers and achieve their goals in ways that were never possible before.

#1: Assistive Technology

• Assistive technology powered by AI can assist people with disabilities to perform tasks they may have difficulty with.
• For instance, people with visual impairments can use AI powered screen readers or magnifiers to read and view text on a screen.
• An example of this is Microsoft’s seeing AI app. It allows AI to describe the world around the user. It provides an audio description of objects, people and text.

#2: Communication

• AI can provide different methods of communication for individuals with disabilities who have difficulty communicating verbally.
• For example, AI powered devices such as text to speech and speech to text technology can help individuals that have difficulty speaking or hearing.
• Google’s live transcribe app uses AI to transcribe speech in real time, which helps individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing to participate in conversations.

#3: Personalized Healthcare

• AI powered systems are able to provide personalized healthcare for individuals with disabilities.
• This helps doctors provide more targeted treatments for quicker and more precise diagnosis.
• An example of this is that AI can do an analysis of large amounts of medical data to help identify patterns and predict health outcomes.

#4: Accessibility

• AI can help make the world more accessible for people with disabilities by identifying obstacles or barriers and providing alternative routes or suggestions for how to navigate them.
• An example is when AI powered systems do an analysis of images and video to detect obstacles or barriers and then provide alternative routes.
• The Wheelmap app uses AI to crowd source accessibility information about public spaces, so that individuals with disabilities can plan their routes in advance.

#5: Employment

• AI can help people with disabilities find and secure employment by matching them to jobs that are a good fit for them and their skills and abilities.
• AI powered workplace accommodations can also help employees do their jobs more effectively.
• An example of this is when a company uses AI to assess job candidates’ skills and abilities. This gives opportunities for people with disabilities to showcase their strengths and abilities which helps to empower them even more.

Let’s look at some movies that use AI!

I Robot

Wall-E

The Mitchells Vs the Machines

Lastly, here is the number one AI movie…..

The Terminator Franchise

Dec. 21: Home Alone & Home Alone 2

• “Home Alone” was released in 1990. The movie has significantly influenced pop culture, becoming a cultural touchstone. Macaulay Culkin’s portrayal of Kevin McCallister turned him into a household name.
• The film’s catchphrases, especially “Keep the change, ya filthy animal!” entered everyday lexicon. The movie’s success spawned a franchise, and the concept of a child outsmarting burglars became a recurring theme in various media.
• “Keep the change, ya filthy animal!” is a line from a fictional gangster movie called “Angels with Filthy Souls,” created specifically for Home Alone.

Home Alone Plot

• In “Home Alone,” young Kevin McCallister accidentally gets left behind when his family goes on vacation for Christmas.
• Alone at home, he faces two burglars, Harry and Marv, who attempt to rob his house.
• Using his resourcefulness, Kevin sets up an array of traps to thwart the thieves and protect his home. Meanwhile, his family races against time to return before Christmas.

Fun Facts about Home Alone:

• Director Chris Columbus was initially concerned that Macaulay Culkin (Kevin) wouldn’t be convincing in a role requiring emotional depth, but Culkin’s performance proved otherwise.
• The iconic scream from Marv (Daniel Stern) when he steps on a nail is genuine. Stern stepped on a hidden nail during filming, and the scream was unscripted but so effective that it made it into the final cut.

Home Alone 2

• In 1992, Home Alone 2 was released.

• In the sequel, Kevin finds himself separated from his family once again, this time ending up in New York City.
• While navigating the city, he encounters Harry and Marv, who have escaped from prison and plan to rob a toy store.
• Kevin uses his wits and gadgets to outsmart the duo, all while forging an unlikely friendship with a toy store owner.

Fun Facts about Home Alone 2: Lost in New York:

• The exterior of Duncan’s Toy Chest is actually the Rookery Building in Chicago, not a real toy store in New York.
• The cameo appearance of Donald Trump in the Plaza Hotel lobby stirred attention, with the future president providing directions to Kevin.
• Many of the movie’s stunts were performed by Macaulay Culkin himself, adding an extra layer of authenticity to the chaotic and comedic moments.

Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992) Pop Culture Impact

• “Home Alone 2” extended the franchise’s influence, maintaining the charm of the original.
• The film’s exploration of a child navigating New York City struck a chord with audiences.
• The iconic scenes and traps devised by Kevin McCallister became enduring symbols in popular culture.

Actors

• Macaulay Culkin’s 1990 performance as Kevin McCallister propelled him to child star status. In Home Alone 2, Macaulay Culkin reprised his role as Kevin, becoming the highest-paid child star since Shirley Temple.
• However, behind the scenes, his father was very abusive and used his access to child’s wealth as a tool to further his abuse. This is similar to Michael Jackson’s story, and for this reason, Macaulay (then age 10) was very close with Michael Jackson (then age 33), staying at Neverland Ranch. Macaulay firmly defended Michael Jackson in court and in interviews against charges of childhood sexual assault. Mac worked through a difficult period with the tragic death of his older sister and a substance addiction, and he is now happily married to Brenda Song, and they have one child together, named after his older sister who died. 

• Joe Pesci and Daniel Stern’s roles as bumbling burglars added comedic flair to the film, showcasing their versatility beyond dramatic roles.
• Director Chris Columbus and writer John Hughes collaborated to create a timeless family comedy that resonated with audiences.

• In the sequel, there were cameos by Tim Curry, Rob Schneider, and Donald Trump.
• The star-studded cast contributing to the film’s widespread appeal. The combination of talented actors and a familiar storyline ensured the sequel’s lasting impact on popular culture.

Dec 19: Merry Christmas Everyone And Happy Holidays!

I hope you all enjoy watching some Christmas videos and some songs that we can all enjoy and sing along if you’d like. I wish everyone the merriest of Christmases and the happiest of holidays!

Let’s begin by learning about where the Grinch came from.

Let’s watch a short video about the true meaning of Christmas.

Let’s see what we all know about Christmas.

let’s listen to a few well-known Christmas songs.

I’m sure all of you will remember this one. The stars all came together to raise money to help people in Africa.

I couldn’t decide which one you guys would prefer so we can vote or you can watch a little of both. The first video is kids say the darndest things at Christmas.

the second video is about funny Christmas failures.

how can we finish off the Christmas party class without watching everyone’s favourite Ellen!

Merry Christmas everyone and happy new year and happy holiday! I look forward to seeing everyone in the new year! As always if anybody needs anything please reach out over the holiday.

December 14: Christmas Movies

Christmas movies are a cherished tradition that provide families with an opportunity to spend time together and connect over nostalgia and togetherness. Christmas movies range from timeless classics to heartwarming comedies, and they often have themes of love, redemption, and holiday magic.

Let’s discuss some classic movies and watch some scenes that I found on YouTube!

It’s a Wonderful Life (1946): This timeless classic follows the life of George Bailey, a man contemplating suicide on Christmas Eve. However, his guardian angel intervenes, showing George the positive impact that he has had on others. This experienced helped him rediscover the true meaning of Christmas and the value of his own life.

Miracle on 34th Street (1947): Another classic movie, “Miracle on 34th Street” tells the story of Kris Kringle, an elderly man hired as a department store Santa who claims to be the real Santa Claus. As he spreads goodwill, his authenticity is questioned, leading to a court case that challenges the existence of Santa. This movie explores the power of belief and the magic of Christmas.

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1964): This beloved stop-motion animated TV special tells the story of Rudolph, a reindeer with a glowing red nose, who embarks on a journey of self-discovery. As he teams up with quirky characters like Hermey the Elf and Yukon Cornelius, Rudolph’s tale teaches the importance of embracing one’s uniqueness.

The Sound of Music (1965): Although this is not explicitly a Christmas movie, “The Sound of Music” has become associated with the holiday season. Set against the backdrop of pre-World War II Austria, the film follows Maria, a nun-in-training, who was encouraged to become a governess for the troubled von Trapp family. The father struggles to connect with his children after the death of their mother. Maria helps them reconnect through music. Filled with iconic musical numbers and stunning scenery, this beloved classic celebrates love, music, and the importance of standing up for one’s beliefs. The film’s uplifting and joyous spirit resonates well with the festive atmosphere of the holidays.

A Charlie Brown Christmas (1965): This animated TV special follows the Peanuts gang, led by Charlie Brown, as they discover the true meaning of Christmas. With its heartfelt message, charming characters, and Vince Guaraldi’s iconic jazz score, “A Charlie Brown Christmas” has become a beloved tradition, epitomizing the spirit of the season.

The Grinch (Animated – 1966, Live Action – 2000): Dr. Seuss’s timeless character, the Grinch, stars in both animated and live-action adaptations. In “How the Grinch Stole Christmas,” the Grinch attempts to steal Christmas from the Whos of Whoville, only to discover the true meaning of the season. The animated version is a classic, while the live-action film features Jim Carrey’s comedic take on the iconic character

Frosty the Snowman (1969): In this animated TV special, a magical hat brings Frosty to life, and he befriends a group of children. As they try to keep Frosty from melting, the story captures the innocence and joy of childhood friendships, sprinkled with the magic of the holiday season.

The Miser Brothers (A Year Without a Santa Claus – 1974): Part of the Rankin/Bass holiday specials, this stop-motion animated feature introduces the Miser Brothers, Heat Miser and Snow Miser, who control the world’s weather. Their rivalry adds whimsy to the tale of Santa’s quest to save Christmas, showcasing memorable characters and catchy musical numbers.

A Christmas Story (1983): Set in the 1940s, A Christmas Story follows young Ralphie Parker’s quest for the perfect Christmas gift, a Red Ryder BB gun. Filled with nostalgia and humor, the film has become a beloved tradition, capturing the essence of childhood dreams during the holiday season.

A Christmas Carol (1984): Based on Charles Dickens’ classic novel, this adaptation stars George C. Scott as Ebenezer Scrooge, a miserly old man visited by three ghosts on Christmas Eve. Through haunting visions, Scrooge learns the importance of compassion and generosity, transforming him into a better person.

The Muppet Christmas Carol (1992): In this heartwarming adaptation of Charles Dickens’ classic, the Muppets take on the roles of beloved characters from “A Christmas Carol.” Michael Caine stars as Ebenezer Scrooge, accompanied by Kermit the Frog as Bob Cratchit. The film combines Muppet humor with the timeless tale of redemption, creating a unique and entertaining Christmas experience.

This movie is considered one of the best Christmas movies of all time! Here is a video explaining why.

Home Alone (1990): When 8-year-old Kevin McCallister is accidentally left behind during Christmas vacation, he must defend his home from burglars using ingenious booby traps. This family comedy is a holiday staple, combining humor and heartwarming moments.

Elf (2003): Starring Will Ferrell as Buddy, a human raised by elves at the North Pole, this comedy follows Buddy as he travels to New York City to find his real father. Filled with humor and heart, Elf explores themes of family, acceptance, and the joy of the Christmas spirit.

The Polar Express (2004): Based on the children’s book by Chris Van Allsburg, The Polar Express is a magical animated film that follows a young boy’s journey to the North Pole on a magical train. The film beautifully captures the spirit of Christmas, emphasizing the importance of belief and the wonder of the holiday season.

Did I miss any of your favourite movies? If we have time, we can talk about them!

Whichever movie you end up watching, I hope you have a nice time with your family!

Next week the class’ theme is Christmas!

Dec 12: The History of St. Nicholas, Santa Claus and Father Christmas

Who was St. Nicholas?

• St. Nicholas was a Christian bishop who helped the less fortunate. After his death, the legend of his gift giving grew even more. St. Nicholas transformed into the legendary character called Santa Claus. Today we know and to bring Christmas presents to children all over the world.

Early Life

• St. Nicholas was born circa 280 in Patara, Lycia. Today this is an area that is part of Turkey. He lost both of his parents as a young man and legend has it that the inheritance to help poor and sick. He was a devout Christian and later was a bishop of Myra. Today the city is called Demre.

Legends About Santa Claus

• There are many legends throughout history about St. Nicholas of Myra. One story is about how he helped four sisters. Their father did not have enough money to pay for their dowries and thought he would have to as slaves. Three times St. Nicholas secretly went into their house at night and put a bag of money inside the man used the money so that one of his daughters could marry. On the third visit the man decided to stay up and see where the money was coming from. He saw St. Nicholas and thanked him for his kindness. St. Nicholas was also thought to have saved three man were falsely imprisoned and sentenced to death.

Death and Legacy of St. Nicholas

• There are a lot of sources that state St. Nicholas is believed to have died on December 6, 343. Through the years there have been stories of his miracles and work for the poor that spread all over the world. He has become known as the protector of children and sailors and began to be associated with gift giving. He was a popular saint in Europe until the time of the Reformation of the 1500s. This was a religious movement that led to the creation of Protestantism. This religious movement did not believe in honouring saints. St. Nicholas however remained an important figure in Holland.
• The Dutch people continued to celebrate the feast day of St. Nicholas on December 6. It was very common to see children put out the shoes the night before. In the morning, they would see gifts from St. Nicholas inside. Dutch immigrants brought the legend of St. Nicholas, which was known to them as Sint Nikolaas or by his nickname, Sinterklaas to America in the 1700s.
• St. Nicholas went through a lot of changes in America: Sinterklaas became Santa Claus and instead of giving gifts on December 6 became part of the Christmas holiday.
• There was a poem that was written in 1820 called An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas by Clement Clark Moore.
• In the poem he is described as a jolly, heavy man who comes down the chimney to leave presents for deserving children and drives a sleigh pulled by flying reindeer.

• The cartoonist Thomas Nast added to the St. Nicholas legend with an 1881 drawing of Santa wearing a red suit with a white fur trim. The once kind, charitable bishop, St. Nicholas had become the Santa Claus that we know today.
• Most children receive their presents on Christmas Eve night or early Christmas morning. But some children in other countries get their present on St. Nicholas Eve December 5.
• St. Nicholas is said to put bags of gold into a stocking. This is where the custom of having a tangerine or Satsuma (which are types of small citrus fruits), and often some nuts at the bottom of Christmas stockings.
• If people couldn’t afford gold coins some golden fruit was also a good replacement. In the last 50 to 60 years fruits like tangerines were quite unusual and special especially in Europe.
• St. Nicholas is also the patron saint of pawnbrokers and their sign of three gold balls comes from the story of St. Nicholas giving three bags of gold to the father of three girls that we learned about.
• Today it is more common to find chocolate coins at the bottom of a Christmas stocking.
• Believe it or not the biggest Christmas stocking was 51 m x 35 cm long and 21 m or 63 cm wide from the heel to toe. It was made by the volunteer emergency services organization in Tuscany, Italy on January 5, 2011.

Santa Claus and Coca-Cola

• There is a Christmas urban legend that says Santa’s red suit was designed by Coca-Cola and that they may even own Santa. This is definitely not true!
• Long before Coca-Cola had been invented, St. Nicholas had worn his bishops red robes.

• During Victorian Times and before that he often wore a range of colours like red, green, blue and brown fur but red was always his favourite.
• In January 1863 the magazine Harper’s Weekly published the first illustration of St. Nicholas by Thomas Nast. In this he was wearing a Stars & Stripes outfit! Over the next 20 years Thomas Nast continued to draw Santa every Christmas and his works were very popular.
• On January 1, 1881, Harper’s Weekly Published Thomas’ most famous image of Santa. It had with big red belly, an arm full of toys and smoking a pipe.
• This image of Santa was very popular with more artists drawing Santa in his red and white costume from 1900 to 1930.
• Santa was first used in Coke commercials in 1931 with the classic Coke Santa drawn by artist Haddon Sundblom.
• He took Thomas Nast’s idea of Santa but made him even larger and jollier. He replaced the pipe with a glass of Coke and created the famous Coke holding Santa.
• In 1995 they introduced the Coca-Cola Christmas truck in The Holidays Are Coming TV commercials. The red truck was covered with lights and had the classic coke Santa written on its side.

Santa Claus in Department Stores

• Macy’s store in New York claims to be the first store to have Santa visit them in the 1861 to 1862’s season. This was only a few years after the store was founded. From 1924 the arrival of Santa became the finale of the Macy’s Thanksgiving Parade. The Santa used by Macy’s became extra famous after being in the 1947 film called miracle of 34^th Street.

• James Wood Parkinson from Philadelphia is sometimes said to have been the first person to have Santa visit their store. In the 1840s Santa entertained people visiting his confectionery shop.
• By the 1920s the department store Santa had become very popular in the US and throughout the world.

Believe it or not there is even a Santa Claus school on how to become Santa Claus.

I thought we could fit his class by watching everyone’s favourite Ellen.